Beginning at the End: Lessons from Catrina…and Stephen Covey

La Catrina by Jose Guadalupe Posada

All those grinning skulls and clackety skeletons you see for Day of the Dead celebrations are fun, to be sure, but they are meant to convey an important message, as well. In our post about the imagery associated with the Day of the Dead, we looked at the work of José Guadalupe Posada (1852–1913). A political cartoonist and printmaker during the reign of Porfirio Diaz, Posada frequently depicted politicians and other important figures as skeletons in his work.

Posada’s best known image is “Catrina,” an elegant and well-dressed female skeleton. She is said to have been inspired by a well-to-do French woman who fancied herself quite high and mighty. In drawing Catrina and other prominent figures as skeletons, Posada’s intention was to poke fun at the wealthy and to remind people that, in death, all souls are equal.

Deep down, we all know this is the truth. Yet it’s all too easy to forget amidst the frenzy of our daily lives. In his landmark book (honestly, this was a life-changing book for me. I can’t recommend it highly enough), The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, Stephen Covey devotes an entire chapter to “Beginning with the End in Mind.”

The chapter starts with a powerful visualization exercise that you may want to try. It goes something like this (for the complete version, pick up a copy of the book):

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Laughing Skulls and Dancing Skeletons: What’s with All that Weird Day of the Dead Imagery Anyway?

Grinning skeletons wave to the crowds from balconies high above the street. Others, life-sized or even larger, are positioned at the entrances to stores, hotels and other public buildings. Made of nearly every material imaginable—wood, clay, metal, papier-mâché—they bear no trace of malice as they cheerily greet visitors. Scenes such as this are common during Day of the Dead festivities, and the preponderance of death images is one reason that those not familiar with the celebration may view it as morbid or macabre. But the holiday has inspired a rich folk art tradition; the skulls and skeletons are intended to be humorous and are created in recognition of the fragility of life.

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How to Make an Ofrenda

The above photo is of my own home ofrenda. I had to put it up early because Stevie and I will be in Oaxaca with our Days of the Dead trip over the actual holiday (which we still have a few spaces available on, if anyone is interested…). Anyway, I show it to you not because I think it’s a fabulous example (believe me, I know it’s not!), but because I also know that the idea of making your own ofrenda can be pretty intimidating if all you have to go on are the beautiful examples you’ve seen from Oaxaca and Michoacan. I just lowered the bar a little for you. (You’re welcome.)

So  maybe we don’t have the years of experience that the people in Mexico do (or the access to inexpensive fresh flowers!), but our ofrendas are no less heartfelt.

Ready to give it a try?

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Pan de Muerto (Bread of the Dead)

Pan de Muerto or Bread of the Dead is traditionally used on altars or ofrendas for the Days of the Dead. If there is a panadería (Mexican bakery) in your area, they will probably have it for sale at this time of year, but you can also make it with this delicious recipe. This version is adapted from a recipe in one of my favorite go-to cookbooks, Mexican Cookery by Barbara Hansen, now (sadly) out of print, but used versions may be available on Amazon.

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On Death and Dying

We don’t like to think about it, but Dag Hammarskjold was right. Our attitude toward death very much impacts the way we choose to live:

In the last analysis it is our

conception of death which decides our

answers to all the questions

that life puts before us.

Dag Hammarskjold

***

To the inhabitant of New York, Paris, or London,

death is a word that is never uttered because it burns the lips.

The Mexican on the other hand, frequents it, mocks it,

caresses it, sleeps with it, entertains it;

it is one of his favorite playthings and his most enduring love.

Octavio Paz

The Labyrinth of Solitude

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Good Mourning: Honoring the Dead with a Home Altar or Ofrenda

Death is nature’s way of saying, “Your table is ready.”

Robin Williams

Ultimately all things wither, fade, break apart and disappear. Every fall, the trees turn and eventually lose their leaves. Following the harvest, empty, barren fields stand as silent witnesses to the end of one cycle of life and the promise of the next cycle of planting and growth in the spring. More than any other season, autumn provides a poignant reminder that death is a natural part of life. So perhaps it is not surprising that harvest festivals, held during the fall of the year by ancient peoples worldwide, frequently incorporated a remembrance of the dead as well.

In what is today Mexico, the Aztecs participated in feasts dedicated to the dead every fall. According to early accounts, the festivities involved a profusion of flowers, feasting and dancing. Offerings to the ancestors accompanied these rituals as well. The souls of the dead were believed to return to visit the homes where they had resided. To properly welcome them, relatives offered a variety of foods including newly harvested corn and chiles, along with favorite dishes such as tamales, tortillas, quail or rabbit.

With the arrival of the Spanish and the introduction of Catholicism, different mourning rituals and concepts were introduced into Mexico. The Christian celebrations of All Saints’ and All Souls’ days (November 1st and 2nd, respectively) merged with the old harvest traditions. Although the indigenous beliefs have changed and evolved over time, the idea that the souls will return to earth for one day and the ritual of making offerings to them remain intact. The Days of the Dead, as celebrated today in Mexico, continues to reflect both thanksgiving for the abundance of life and a profound respect for the dead.

Preparations for the holiday involve cooking special foods and sweets, cleaning and decorating the graves in preparation for an all night cemetery vigil, creating special Days of the Dead artworks, and constructing a home altar or ofrenda in remembrance of the deceased.

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